رياضى مهندسى بيشرفته هوش مصنوعى

Assume distance of two instances ? and ? is defined as ? ? (?, ?) = ‖? − ?‖? as the ?-degree norm of their difference vector. For a set of instances ? = {?? }, a representor ? can be defined with a deviation vector ? ? (?) such that its i th element is equal to the distance of ?? from c, i.e. ?? ? (?) = ??(?? , ?). Then ? ?,? ′ (?, ?) as deviation of X respect to c is the norm of ? ? (?) with degree ? ′ . Both d’ and d can be from any degrees of 0, 1, 2 or ∞. Then, given a set of instances ? (dataset of Iris can be downloaded from UCI repository), find the representator ? of ? to minimize deviation vector associated with each pair of degrees ? and ? ′ from the following set: